Development Across the Lifespan Quiz — 7 Free Questions

Question 1

What is the name for the developing understanding that other people have beliefs, desires, knowledge and intentions of their own, which may differ from one's own and from reality, and which drive what they do?

Question 2

What is the name, in Erikson's theory, for the psychosocial conflict of late life, in which a person looking back either feels that their life had coherence and worth and faces death with equanimity, or is filled with regret and bitterness about what cannot now be changed?

Question 3

What is the name, in Baumrind's typology, for the parenting style that is high in demands and control but low in warmth and give-and-take, relying on strict rules obeyed without discussion and on punishment, with 'because I said so' as the explanation?

Question 4

What is the name for the research design in developmental psychology that follows the same group of people over months or years, testing them again and again, so that true change within individuals can be traced?

Question 5

What is the name, in Piaget's theory, for the process of altering an existing mental structure, or creating a new one, because new information will not fit the old, as the child learns that the four-legged animal in the field needs its own category, 'cow'?

Question 6

What is the name for the research design that compares groups of people of different ages all tested at the same point in time, so that age differences can be measured quickly and cheaply?

Question 7

What is the name for a child's basic sense of being a boy or a girl, which most children can state about themselves by around age two to three, well before they understand that it is fixed?

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About Development Across the Lifespan

This quiz is about how a person changes from conception to old age: the ways development is studied, prenatal growth and the newborn, the infant's first bonds, the unfolding of thinking and language, the growth of morality and the self, the classic stages of psychosocial life, adolescence and the adult years, and the psychology of ageing. Ninety questions in six packs, each describing a concept, a stage, a theory, a research method or an effect and asking you to name it from four choices of the same kind, then explaining it. It is a knowledge quiz.

The first pack covers how development is studied and the earliest life: longitudinal, cross-sectional and cohort issues, gene-environment correlation and the twin study, teratogens and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the embryonic period, the rooting and Moro reflexes, preferential looking, kangaroo mother care, the still-face paradigm, sensitive periods and infantile amnesia.

The second pack covers attachment and early social life: the secure base, separation and stranger anxiety, the Strange Situation, the secure, resistant, avoidant and disorganised patterns, the internal working model, monotropy, contact comfort, behavioural inhibition, temperament and social referencing.

The third pack covers Piaget and cognitive development: the four stages, object permanence, egocentrism, conservation and centration, assimilation and accommodation, and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, scaffolding and private speech, along with theory of mind and the false-belief task.

The fourth pack covers language, morality and the self: babbling, telegraphic speech, fast mapping, child-directed speech and the vocabulary spurt; Kohlberg's three levels of moral reasoning and Piaget's heteronomous morality; self-conscious emotions, the mirror self-recognition test, gender identity, gender constancy, gender schema theory and delay of gratification.

The fifth pack covers Erikson's eight psychosocial conflicts from trust versus mistrust to integrity versus despair, together with Marcia's identity moratorium, Elkind's personal fable and imaginary audience, emerging adulthood, the dual systems model of adolescent risk, socioemotional selectivity theory and the positivity effect.

The sixth pack covers theories, parenting and ageing: Bronfenbrenner's micro-, meso-, exo-, macro- and chronosystems, Baumrind's authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved styles, goodness of fit, resilience, cognitive reserve, terminal decline, selective optimization with compensation and disengagement theory.

The wrong answers are always other concepts, stages, theories or methods of the same kind. About thirty-six of the ninety questions carry a photograph of a neutral object, dice, poker chips, a stopwatch, a model brain or a microscope, chosen because every option is the same sort of thing and the picture cannot point to any of them. Facts have been checked against standard developmental-psychology texts.