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Question 1

What is the collective name for the three protective membrane layers that completely wrap the brain and spinal cord, a tough leathery outer sheet, a delicate inner one hugging the surface, and a cobwebby middle layer, with cushioning fluid circulating in the space between the inner two?

Question 2

Which rounded bulge on the front of the brainstem, whose name is Latin for 'bridge', relays signals between the cerebrum above and the cerebellum behind, and contains centres that help drive breathing and that switch the brain in and out of dream sleep?

Question 3

In a blood pressure reading such as 120 over 80, which phase of the heartbeat does the higher first number measure, the moment when the heart's main chambers squeeze and drive blood out into the arteries?

Question 4

Which hormone, made by the outer layer of the glands atop the kidneys and often called the 'stress hormone', is released on a daily rhythm peaking in the early morning and also in response to prolonged strain, raising blood sugar, curbing inflammation and putting other, non-urgent body systems on hold?

Question 5

Which small almond-shaped cluster deep in each temporal lobe acts as the brain's threat detector and alarm, attaching emotional weight, especially fear, to events and triggering the racing heart, sweating and readiness to fight or flee?

Question 6

Which is the largest blood vessel in the body, arching up out of the heart's main pumping chamber and then running down through the chest and abdomen, giving off branches to the head, arms, organs and legs before it finally divides to supply the two legs?

Question 7

Which firm but flexible connective tissue caps the ends of bones so they glide smoothly in a joint, shapes the outer ear and the tip of the nose, and forms the springy discs between the vertebrae, and heals slowly and poorly because it has no blood supply of its own?

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